![]() ![]() ![]() Islamic law, coupled with the various customary laws, is the foundation upon which the legal system came to be established (Shaik 1915). After independence, Malaysia attempted to harmonise civil and religious laws in the government. One of the conditions of independence is the establishment of a legal system based on English common law, with Islam as the official religion of the Federation. Undang- undang Melaka, that has elements of sharia, was introduced during the reign of Sultan Muhamad Syah (1422–1444) (Fang 2007). ![]() The sharia or Islamic law has been incorporated in the existing states’ law, such as the Undang- undang Kedah (Kedah Laws), Undang- undang Pahang (Pahang Laws), and Undang- undang Melaka (Malacca Laws). ![]() Before the independence of Malaya (now Malaysia) in 1957, the country has its ruling system mainly based on religious guidance. ![]()
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